Understanding dyslexia through a dynamic and comprehensive approach
This article published within the Annals of Dyslexia discusses that dyslexia is often misunderstood, surrounded by myths and a narrow view that ties it mainly to the English language and highlights the need to redefine dyslexia. It provides a historical overview on the current research and provides a more nuanced understanding, exploring how dyslexia interacts with the brain's reading circuits and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
The article also discusses that the explanation of dyslexia has evolved, moving from visual and auditory explanations to a focus on its neurological basis. By combining historical knowledge with the latest scientific discoveries, we now see dyslexia as a diverse condition with various forms.
In addition to outlining the history and evolution of the current definition of dyslexia, the authors also offer seven core principles they suggest should be implemented into the new, more comprehensive definition of dyslexia. These core principles are as follows:
1.Dyslexia represents a unique organization of the brain that can lead to both disadvantages and advantages that have no relation to intelligence.
2. Some of the most common disadvantages include difficulties in acquiring the skills of reading fluency, comprehension, and spelling.
3. Dyslexia can sometimes be predicted in weakness in the phonological components of language and naming speed. These difficulties can occur in conjunction with other factors including executive functioning and visual-orthographic-related processes.
4. There are differing manifestations of dyslexia depending on what is the weakest point in a given reading or writing system.
5. The risk and development of dyslexia are both influenced by a multitude of social, emotional, and environmental factors that can range from socioeconomic background to emotional vulnerabilities and educational experiences.
6. While dyslexia is typically classified as a learning disability, it should never be associated with a lack of intelligence, effort, or talent. Using the appropriate evidence-based instruction and early intervention, individuals with dyslexia can develop to their full potential.
7. Dyslexia can change over time, especially with preventative measures that emphasize resilience, persistent effort, and respect for everyone’s individual potentials.
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